Constitutional Faces: Korematsu v. United States

February 17th, 2014

This is a young Fred Korematsu.

young-korematsu

This is Fred Korematsu later in life.

korematsu1

This is an announcement the United States Government posted, ordering “all persons of Japanese ancestry” to be rounded up.

letter

It says:

Pursuant to the provisions of Civilian Exclusion Order No. 33, this Headquarters, dated May 3, 1942, all per- sons of Japanese ancestry, both alien and non-alien, will be evacuated from the above area by 12 o’clock noon, P. W . T., Saturday, May 9, 1942.

No Japanese person living in the above area will be permitted to change residence after 12 o’clock noon, P.W.T., Sunday, May 3, 1942, without obtaining special permission from the representative of the Commanding General

The Civil Control Station is equipped to assist the Japanese Population affected by this evacuation in the following ways:

  1. Give advice and instructions on the evacuation.
  2. Provide services with respect to the management, leasing, sale, storage or other disposition of most kinds of

property, such as real estate, business and professional equipment, household goods, boats, automobiles and livestock.

  1. Provide temporary residence elsewhere for all Japanese in family groups.
  2. Transport persons and a limited amount of clothing and equipment to their new residence.

 

Here is a piece of U.S. Government propaganda explaining the “relocation” and do the “job as a democracy should. With consideration.”

Fast-forward to 12:30 when the narrator says there are no constitutional problems with the internment.

Here is a map of the “relocation centers” and camps.

Map_of_World_War_II_Japanese_American_internment_camps

The San Francisco Examiner announces the “Ouster of all Japs in California near.”

JapaneseRelocationNewspapers1942

This is a so-called “temporary camp” or “assembly center” that were set up in public places, like fairgrounds, before the Japanese-Americans could be transported to the “Detention centers” dubbed “Relocation Centers.”

temporary-camps

 

This is the Topaz Internment Center in Utah, where Fred Korematsu was sent.

topaz-internment-utah

 

Here are Americans locked up in internment camps.

korematsu-lockedup

Another photographed of interned Americans.

Japanese_American_Internment_Center

Here are Americans being rounded up on busses to the middle of the Utah desert.

camp-bus

Here is Eleanor Roosevelt at an internment camp.

768px-Eleanor_Roosevelt_at_Gila_River,_Arizona_at_Japanese,American_Internment_Center_-_NARA_-_197094

This great picture contains a meeting of Fred Korematsu, Minoru Yasui, and Gordon Hirabayashi, who also had companion cases before the Supreme Court.

korematsu-yorui-habayashi

 

And here is Fred Korematsu posing with Rosa Parks.

korematsu-rosa-parks

In 1990, Korematsu received a redress letter and a reparations check for his internment.

Korematsu-Fred Korematsu with redress & reparations letter and check 1990

President Clinton would Korematsu the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998.

Korematsu-Clinton

Korematsu passed away in 2005.

Gravestone_fred_korematsu

The lead plaintiff in a related case was Gordon Hirabayashi. In Hirabayashi, the Court upheld curfews directed towards Japanese Americans because the nation was at war with Japan.

hirabayashi

And this is Mutsuye Endo.

mitsuye-endo

Credit to the Asian American Bar Association of the Greater Bay Area.